Esta zona arqueológica, esta ubicada en la Península de Yucatán, Estado de Quintana Roo, al sureste de México.
Tulum esta dividida en tres sectores diferentes, la Zona Hotelera, el Pueblo y la Zona Arqueológica. En la Zona Hotelera podemos encontrar algunas de las playas mas hermosas de la costa del caribe. Esta zona es distinguida por su arquitectura que nos muestra un gran respeto por la naturaleza, puede tambien encontrar cabañas rústicas y hoteles pequeños que fueron construidos y disenados en armonia con el medio ambiente.
El pueblo de Tulum
Consta de una avenida principal sobre la cual se desarrolla toda la actividad comercial del mismo. Ofrece tiendas de artesanía y autoservicio, pequeños restaurantes, servicios básicos como la estación de autobuses, banco y oficina portal. En el área conocida como la Zona Maya, y en los pequeños poblados vecinos, los indígenas mantienen vivos su idioma y tradiciones; la mayoría vive en típicas palapas con techos de zacate. Las principales actividades económicas de este grupo son las pesca, construcción de palapas, fabricación de artesanías y muebles rústicos, entre otras actividades.
Zona arqueológica
Tulum significa muralla, un nombre que se le dio actualmente debido a la muralla que rodea al sitio, pero su nombre prehispánico original es Zamá, que significa amanecer, seguramente por que es el lugar que recibe los primeros rayos del sol en la mañana. Su zona arqueológica se dio a conocer al mundo por el libro de viajes de John Lloyd Stephens y Frederick Catherwood publicado en 1843.
Zamá es una de las pocas ciudades mayas ubicadas en la costa y fue sin duda un centro de comercio maya muy importante que unía el centro y golfo de México con el golfo de Honduras hasta Panamá. Entre sus construcciones más representativas están:
- El Castillo con 12 metros de altura es la edificación más alta del sitio.
- El templo del dios descendente al norte del recinto interior, es llamado así por la curiosa escultura que corona la puerta de acceso.
- El templo de los frescos, por sus pinturas y decoración, seguramente tuvo una gran repercusión social y religiosa.
- Sin duda esta zona arqueológica es una de las razones más importantes para visitar Tulum y tomarlo como punto de partida y exploración de todos sus alrededores.El templo del viento, es el único edificio de planta circular en la zona arqueológica que remite al dios del viento (Ehécatl-Quetzalcóatl) ya que por la ausencia de esquinas favorece su libre circulación.
Dónde comer y dormir:
Hay gran variedad de lugares para comer ya sea en la zona hotelera o en el pueblo, con restaurantes italianos, argentinos o de comida típica mexicana como es Don Cafeto. Y para un económico y rico desayuno el “Café Expreso Tulum” que está cerca de la terminal de autobuses.
Para hospedarse, en la zona hotelera hay muchas opciones para todos los gustos, desde las cabañas rústicas pero con todos los servicios como es Papaya Playa Tulum hasta los bungalows ecológicos como es Posada Dos Ceibas.
Los que prefieran un contacto más cercano con la naturaleza está el Centro Ecológico Sian Ka´an (CESiak) que está ubicado a unos 4.5 Km dentro de la Reserva de Sian Ka´an, con cómodas tiendas a unos 20 metros de la playa y la laguna.
En el pueblo hay gran opción de Hostales y Bed and Breakfast significativamente más económicos, algunos incluyen bicicletas y transporte a las playas.
Cómo llegar a Tulum
Tulum se encuentra a 128 kilómetros de Cancún y a 64 kilómetros de Playa del Carmen.
- Desde Cancún hay un transporte público “Mayab” a Tulum, con dos horas de recorrido aproximadamente.
- En coche desde el aeropuerto de Cancún son aproximadamente 40 minutos por la autopista 307 rumbo a Chetumal.
- En coche del interior del país ya sea por la ruta de Villahermosa, Champotón – Campeche que es muy recomendable para los que tengan la oportunidad, ya que se puede descansar en Campeche o Mérida. O la ruta por Villahermosa – Escárcega, también muy recomendable, ya que se puede hacer una escala en Palenque.
- En Autobús desde la Ciudad de México se toma un ADO en la terminal TAPO directo a Tulum. El tiempo de recorrido es de 22 horas aproximadamente.
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